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Remove Freckles


Definition

Freckles are small tan spots of melanin on the skin of people with fair complexions, though rarely people of African descent get them. They are flat, circular spots that typically range in the size of the head of a nail. The spots develop randomly on the skin, especially after repeated exposure to sunlight and particularly in persons of fair complexion. Age spots, which appear later in life, are superficial collections of the skin pigment melanin which occur within the top layer of the skin. Freckles classified as symptoms of photo aging, are commonly found on the face and hands, or any other part of the body that has been overexposed to the sun. Freckles may vary in color. They may be red, yellow, tan, light brown or black. These are always darker than skin.

Causes

  1. The basic cause of freckles is special cells in the skin that produce a pigment called melanin. Melanin is what gives skin its color. Sunlight hitting the skin causes the production of more melanin in order to protect the skin layers underneath.
  2. Fair skin is another factor, since there is less overall melanin in fair skin to absorb UV light, pigment cells produce melanin at an increased rate. Similarly freckles are influenced by genetic factor.
  3. Fluctuating hormones can cause freckles since estrogen over-stimulates pigment-producing cells, causing them to generate excess color when exposed to sunlight.
  4. Smoking may also negatively affect the skin.

Symptoms

  1. Freckles are most commonly found on the face, although they may appear on any skin exposed to the sun.
  2. Freckles are not common in infants. These are very common among children between ages of 5 to 15. These are also rare in adults.
  3. These may flat red or light-brown spots that typically appear during the sunny months and fade in the winter.
  4. These may be small tan, brown, or black spots which tend to be darker than an ephelis-type freckle and which do not fade in the winter.
  5. Freckles are superficial and do not affect the flesh and are, therefore, primarily a cosmetic disorder.

Treatment

  1. Cryosurgery: Freezing them with liquid nitrogen
  2. Use of strong acid peels
  3. Alpha hydroxy acids on a regular basis, combined with sun avoidance and the use of sunblock.
  4. Laser treatment: Several lasers, especially ones that produce a green light, can lighten and eliminate freckles safely and effectively. Like cryosurgery, this is a simple and safe procedure with a high success rate and a low risk of scarring.
  5. Products containing hydroquinone and kojic acid can be purchased without a prescription. Higher concentrations of hydroquinone require a prescription. These products can lighten freckles if they are applied consistently over a period of months.
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